US Citizenship

Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is a process that is federally governed by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and is consistent across all states, including California. Here are the key steps involved in the legal process of becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization:

1. Determine Eligibility

To apply for citizenship through naturalization, you must meet the following criteria:

• Age: Be at least 18 years old.

• Residency: Be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder).

• Residence and Physical Presence: Have lived in the United States as a lawful permanent resident for at least 5 years before applying, or 3 years if you are applying as the spouse of a U.S. citizen. You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of those 5 years (or 18 months out of 3 years if applying as a spouse of a U.S. citizen).

• Continuous Residence: You must have lived continuously in the U.S. from the date you apply for naturalization up to the time of naturalization.

• Good Moral Character: Demonstrate good moral character for five years before applying and up to the time of naturalization.

• English and Civics: Be able to read, write, and speak basic English (with some exceptions based on age and disability) and have knowledge of U.S. history and government.

• Attachment to the Constitution: Be willing to support and defend the United States and its Constitution.

2. Prepare and Submit Form N-400

The next step is to complete and submit Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. This form is submitted to USCIS along with the filing fee and required documentation, which typically includes copies of your green card, passport-sized photos, and evidence of your eligibility (such as marriage certificate if applying under the 3-year rule as a spouse of a U.S. citizen).

3. Biometrics Appointment

After your application is received, you will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment where your fingerprints will be taken for the purpose of conducting a background check.

4. Interview and Citizenship Test

Once the background check is completed, you will be scheduled for an interview with a USCIS officer. During the interview, you will be asked questions about your application and background, and you will take the English and civics tests, unless exempt.

5. Decision

USCIS will make a decision on your application based on all the information and documents provided. If granted, you will receive a notice to take the Oath of Allegiance.

6. Oath of Allegiance

The final step is taking the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony. Upon taking the oath, you will receive a Certificate of Naturalization and become a U.S. citizen.